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![]() ![]() DNA molecules that are formed by laboratory methods to create new DNA sequences are called recombinant DNA. The host organism is the bacteria to be modified. ![]() In the next step, all the DNA fragments necessary for the modification of the bacteria need to be created and introduced into the host cell. First, genetic engineers need to choose the gene that they want to modify, insert, or delete. Let's have closer look at how bacteria cells can be genetically modified. Creating a genetically modified organism (GMO) involves multiple techniques and several steps. You can either modify or delete an existing gene within an organism or you can add a new gene into its DNA. The key to changing an organism's property or function is thus to alter its genes. A DNA sequence is first transcribed into RNA, and then translated into a protein. In a human organism, for example, they help digest our food, keep our heart beating, and control how our muscles move.įigure 1. Proteins are like little nanomachines that carry out most functions inside a cell. The RNA is then converted into a protein during another process called translation (Figure 1). When a gene is expressed within an organism, the DNA is first copied into RNA in a process called transcription. A gene is a specific DNA sequence that encodes the synthesis of a protein. Genetic engineering uses biotechnology to alter the genes of an organism. So how can you make changes to this genetic information? You probably know that all living organisms have DNA in their cells that contain the genetic information for how they develop and function. This process is called gene engineering, gene modification, or gene manipulation. Scientists have already figured out how to change the genetic code of living organisms. The possibilities are endless! This is not as impossible as you might think. You could create a cat with pink fur or make a tree that grows candy. Imagine if you could change the appearance or function of any living organism in the world. ![]()
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